Explorer, Cultural Ambassador, and Member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Born: circa 1770s
Died: Unknown
Notable For: First Black man to cross the North American continent; enslaved explorer; key figure in diplomacy and cultural exchange during the expedition
 

A Life of Strength and Service

York was born into slavery and inherited by William Clark from his father. From an early age, he was by Clark’s side—first as a personal servant, then as a trusted, though uncredited, member of the Corps of Discovery.

He is first mentioned in the expedition journals on June 5, 1804, near today’s Jefferson City, Missouri:

“Here my Servent York Swam to the Sand Bar to geather greens for our dinner.” – William Clark
 

Admired by Native Peoples

York’s dark skin and imposing stature drew deep interest from Native American tribes the Corps encountered. His presence was often seen as powerful—even spiritual.

 📖 October 9, 1804 – Arikara Territory (South Dakota):

“Much astonished at my black Servent, who did not lose the opportunity of displaying his powers Strenght.” – Clark

 📖 October 28, 1804 – Mandan Territory (North Dakota):

“They also Viewed my black Servent... as great medison.” – Clark

 📖 January 1, 1805 – Fort Mandan:

“I ordered my black Servent to Dance which amused the Croud Verry much, and somewhat astonished them, that So large a man should be active.” – Clark
 

A Diplomatic Presence

In August 1805, during negotiations with the Shoshone, York again played a strategic role. His unfamiliar appearance captivated attention while Lewis worked to secure horses:

“They seemed quite as anxious to see this monster as they were the merchandize.” – Clark
 

A Vote on the Pacific Coast

In a rare act of inclusion, York was allowed to vote alongside the other members of the expedition on November 24, 1805, when the Corps decided where to winter on the Pacific coast—an extraordinary moment for an enslaved man in early America.
 

Life After the Expedition

Despite his contributions, York was forced to return to slavery under William Clark. He was granted freedom in 1815, at the age of 42. He later operated a freight business, which eventually failed. According to some reports, York died in Tennessee.

Yet a competing legend suggests York may have lived his final years freely among the Crow people in the Rocky Mountains—a poetic possibility for a man whose journey spanned a continent.