
Legends and Lore Along the Lewis and Clark Trail
13 Moons – A Yankton Sioux Tradition
Among the Yankton Sioux (Ihanktonwan), the concept of the 13 Moons carries deep cultural and spiritual meaning. Rooted in a traditional lunar calendar, each moon marks a distinct time of the year—connected to natural cycles, seasonal changes, and community practices.
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Lunar Calendar: Like many Indigenous nations, the Yankton Sioux honor 13 full moons in a year. Each moon represents more than timekeeping—it signals activities tied to hunting, harvesting, ceremony, and storytelling.
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Cultural Teachings: The 13 Moons serve as a guide for living in balance with the natural world. They carry lessons that are passed down through generations, linking people to the land, the sky, and each other.
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Oral Tradition: Each moon may have a name and meaning—often reflecting seasonal events or animal behaviors. Through these stories, values and lifeways are preserved.
In essence, the 13 Moons offer a spiritual and ecological framework—honoring time not just as a measurement, but as a sacred relationship with the earth.

13 Moons
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December: Waniyctu wicokan wi (Mid Winter Moon)
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January: Wio'teh'ika wi (Hard Winter Moon)
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February: Cannapopa wi (Moon of popping trees)
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March: Ista wica yanzan wi (Moon of sore eyes)​​
13 Moons
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April: Maga okada wi (Moon when ducks return)
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May: Wozupi wi (Moon of planting)
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June: Tinpsinla itka'hca wi (Moon of wild turnips)
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July: Canpasa wi (Moon when chokecherries ripen)
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August: Wasu'ton wi (Harvest Moon)


13 Moons
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September: Canw'apegi wi
(Moon when the leaves turn brown) -
October:Canwapekasna wi
(Moon when the leaves fall) -
November: Waniyetu wi (Winter Moon)
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December: Tahe'capsun wi
(Moon when the deer horns are shed)
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Colored Art from calendar "Anpetu Wast'e" (beautiful day) in Yankton Sioux.

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